- MILITARY DEVELOPMENTS
- POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
- HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
- PROPAGANDA
MILITARY DEVELOPMENTS
Belarus Review (2024 edition, issue 30)
A weekly update on the ongoing political crisis in the Republic of Belarus was prepared for you by the International Strategic Action Network for Security (iSANS).
A delegation of the Iranian Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support headed by Jawadom Ghazanfarnia, Head of the General Directorate of Construction Projects, visited Belarus. Within the framework of the visit, the Acting Head of the Engineering Forces of the Armed Forces of Belarus met with the delegation. The sides discussed the prospects of cooperation in the field of engineering. The Iranian delegation also visited the Mine Countermeasures Center of the Armed Forces of Belarus, where they familiarized themselves with its structure, tasks, and the system of training specialists in the field of demining.
From July 29 to 31, exercises were held with the intelligence forces and means of the Western Operational Command. New automated information collection and processing complexes based on artificial intelligence were tested. All types of reconnaissance were practiced, including the use of unmanned aircraft. In addition, issues of counter-battery warfare and the use of FPV drones were worked out in detail. The planning and conduct of the exercise took into account the experience of the war in Ukraine.
At least five Russian drones of the Shahed-136/131 type flew into Belarus on the night of July 30-31 during another Russian missile attack on Ukraine. It is known that the first drone flew into the territory of Belarus around 23:20 (Minsk time). At 23:50, a fighter of the Belarusian Air Force took off from the airfield “Baranavichy” to intercept it. Most of the Russian Shahed-136/131s flew deep into the Polessie Radiation and Ecological Reserve, after which they returned to the territory of Ukraine. It is known that at least one of the drones flew over 260 kilometers in Belarus. In total, at least nine Russian Shahed-136/131 drones flew into the airspace of Belarus from July 11 to July 31. Of them, one fell in the territory of Homel region.
From July 31 to August 9, the military commissariats of Vitsebsk region are holding mobilization exercises. During the exercise, the staffing of the military commissariats will be transferred to the wartime mode, and the military conscripts will be called up from the reserve to practice their skills in the use of weapons and equipment. Also, the measures for notification and summoning of persons liable for military duty to military commissariats will be practiced. Similar exercises are held annually in one of the regions of Belarus.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
On July 29, the media reported an act of vandalism against the Belarusian souvenir shop “Kropka” in the center of Vilnius. “Kropka” was created by former political prisoner Dzmitry Furmanau, who is currently living in exile in Lithuania. Red paint was used to spray a xenophobic statement “Go home Belarusian pigs”, with a significant number of mistakes in the Lithuanian language, and the shop was vandalized. The police launched an investigation and estimated the damage to be worth 1,000 Euro or more. Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, leader of the Belarusian democratic forces, commented on the event stating that “the news of the attack on the store came as a shock to me. It is unacceptable, outrageous, and dangerous. This is yet another provocation by the regime to sow discord between Belarusians and Lithuanians, create hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania, and instill fear within the Belarusian community”.
After the Hungarian Prime Minister was on his “peacekeeping mission” in Moscow and met Putin, it became known on July 30 that Hungary eased entry conditions for citizens of Russia and Belarus, while the rest of the EU is tightening entry restrictions. Hungary included citizens of Russia and Belarus in the program of the so-called national card, which is issued for two years with the possibility of extension for those who want to work in Hungary. Security experts have already raised alarms about the potential risks of this policy, warning that it could create a loophole, allowing a substantial number of Russians to enter Hungary with minimal oversight, thus posing a notable national security threat. Manfred Weber, Chairperson of the European People’s Party, wrote a letter to the Head of the European Commission Charles Michel, raising concerns over the decision by Hungary, fearing it could boost espionage in the EU. According to Weber, “This policy could also make it easier for Russians to move around the (borderless) Schengen area, bypassing the restrictions required by EU law”. Lithuanian MEP Petras Austrevicius, who was also a special rapporteur of the European Parliament on Belarus, tweeted that the real price of the so-called “Orban peace mission to Moscow” begins to emerge as Hungary eases the visa restrictions for Russian and Belarusian citizens. Additionally, Lithuania has turned to the European Commission over Hungary’s, saying that the move threatens the security of the European Union. Meanwhile, the Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó stated: “The Baltic propaganda campaign against our country has resumed, claiming that by doing so, we are jeopardizing the security of the Schengen area. This is a childish lie”.
On August 1, another member of the United Transitional Cabinet Valery Sakhashchyk, Representative for National Security and Defense, announced his resignation in a video statement on his Telegram Channel. In the statement Sakhashchyk claimed, there “was lack of understanding for his work” at the Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, differences in views as well as having a “feeling of moving in the wrong direction”.
On the same day, former Representative for Foreign Affairs of the United Transitional Cabinet, Valery Kavaleuski, announced the launch of the Euro-Atlantic Affairs Agency (EAAA) to achieve independent, sovereign, and democratic Belarus integrated within the Euro-Atlantic community. It will close the gap in regional security endangered by the dictatorship of Lukashenka controlled and used by the Kremlin. The announcement said that together with the foreign and Belarusian stakeholders, the EAAA aims to mobilize international support for a free Belarus, develop a clear strategy, implement action plans, develop the roadmaps for integrating Belarus into the Euro-Atlantic community, have the Russian threat recognized leading to a new international strategy and practical steps, withdraw Belarus from the Russian war against Ukraine to preserve its independence and help Ukraine. The EAAA will work with governments, international organizations, democratic movements, analytical communities, and the media.
On August 1, following the controversial interview of the former activist and member of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party Narodnaya Hramada Volha Tsishkevich on air of the ONT channel, where she claimed that Lithuania’s Special Services are working with the Belarusian diaspora and making them report on one another, and spoke about alleged preparations of drone attacks on Belarus and violent regime change that is planned in Lithuania, reactions from the Lithuanian side were published on one of the largest news portals of the country LRT. According to the head of Freedom House in Lithuania, Vytis Jurkonis, the streamed interview is an attempt of the Lukashenka regime to justify its role as an aggressor in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and to spread the narrative of a desperate and completely divided opposition.
On August 3-4 the “New Belarus Conference” took place in Vilnius. The conference gathered representatives of Belarusian democratic forces, including members of the Coordination Council, United Transitional Cabinet, Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, NGOs, Belarusian and foreign stakeholders, and supporters of democratic Belarus. Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya gave an opening address, underlying the importance of the gathering and unity towards the joint goal. She stated: “Victory does not come out of nowhere, and unity does not happen without teamwork. It depends only on us which country we will live in and what kind of country we will come back to”. Many important decisions were made during the conference. On the first day, the Belarusian democratic forces signed the “Protocol of Cooperation”, where they laid down a formula for their cooperation to “maximally avoid duplication of functions, and ease the process of cooperation and decision making”. At the same time, members of the Belarusian democratic forces adopted a document called “Platform 2025”. It is a tool collaboratively developed by the democratic forces of Belarus to set priorities for cooperation and establish the framework for joint activities. The platform aims to deprive the Lukashenka regime of legitimacy, prevent the recognition by the Belarusian and international community of the results of the 2025 fraudulent election, ensure the openness of Europe and the entire democratic world for Belarusians, focus the democratic forces’ efforts on joint activities rather than contention. One of the key objectives of the platform is to unite efforts to free political prisoners and stop repression in Belarus using various tools, including sanctions and diplomatic pressure on the regime, work on humanitarian issues, and humanitarian negotiations. Also, new Representatives of the United Transitional Cabinet were announced, who should replace the recently resigned Representatives for National Defense and Security, and Foreign Affairs, as well as the creation of a new position of a Representative for Youth Affairs. Vadzim Kabanchuk, former Deputy Chief Commander of the Kalinousky Regiment, was appointed Representative for National Security and Defense replacing the recently resigned Valery Sakhashchyk. Vladimir Astapenka became the new Representative for Foreign Affairs and European Cooperation; he was temporarily holding the post after Valery Kavaleuski’s resignation. The Cabinet appointed Margaryta Vorykhava as the Representative for Youth Affairs, who was previously Advisor for Youth and Student Affairs. Artsiom Bruhan was appointed Deputy of the Representative for Transition of Power of the Cabinet. Tsihanouskaya called on the Coordinating Council to make its proposals on the candidacies of representatives on economy and finance, on the restoration of law and order, and on mobility and legalization of Belarusians. In her concluding words at the end of the conference, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya invited Belarusians to think “What can I do for Belarus and not what can Tsikhanouskaya or anyone else do for me” quoting her colleague’s words. She summarized the results of the conference by naming the most important achievements and stating that many issues were discussed, some agreed upon and some argued about, some would need further discussions, and calling the conference a success.
HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
On July 30 twelve persons were recognized as political prisoners by Belarusian human rights organizations. They were detained, charged with, or convicted under Part 1 of Article 342 of the Criminal Code («group actions grossly violating public order»). Human rights defenders assess the persecution of these people as politically motivated persecution in connection with their exercise of freedom of peaceful assembly and expression of their opinion regarding the announced results of the presidential elections. In their statement, they demand an immediate release of all political prisoners as well as other individuals detained in connection with their exercise of freedom of peaceful assembly in the post-election period and stopping political repression in the country. On July 31, six more persons were recognized as political prisoners by the Belarusian human rights community. The statement noted that due to the increase in the number of cases of conviction and imprisonment of citizens of Belarus under a number of articles of the Criminal Code related to defamation, as well as in connection with the alleged abuse of state symbols of the Republic of Belarus and other actions within the legitimate exercise of freedom of expression, representatives of the Belarusian human rights community call for stopping the persecution of legitimate forms of expression, demand that the Belarusian authorities immediately release political prisoners Siarhei Kharitonavich, Nelly Alferava, Siarhei Lashchanka, Ihar Mazin, Uladzimir Nikitsin, Stanislau Shvaykouski and stop criminal prosecution against them, take measures aimed at decriminalizing defamation offenses and repealing articles of the Criminal Code that provide for liability for insulting the state, state symbols and officials, terminate all criminal cases previously initiated under these articles, immediately release all political prisoners, and stop political repression against the citizens of the country.
The Telegram channel associated with the Lukashenka security forces published another “repentant” video. In the video, a Belarusian woman living in the United States and detained during her visit to Belarus is forced to say that she had been the administrator of the group “Belarusy u SSheA” (Belarusians in the U.S.A.) and had called on community members to “finance terrorists.” It is noted that the woman in the video was “released with travel restrictions,” and that she provided information “about other administrators, the structure and financing of diasporas.” The author of the post ends it by giving “his best” to “members of diaspora with property in Belarus,” thus hinting that they will soon lose it.
Belarus and Russia are preparing an agreement on the procedure for mutual enforcement of court orders. According to the Ministry of Justice of Belarus, negotiations between Justice Ministers Yauhen Kavalenka and Konstantin Chuichenko took place in Minsk on July 31. “The issues of providing legal assistance in electronic form, the preparation of an agreement between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation on the procedure for mutual enforcement of decisions of the courts of the Republic of Belarus and the courts of the Russian Federation, harmonization of legislation in the field of enforcement proceedings were discussed,” the ministry’s press service informed. Following the meeting, an agreement on cooperation between the Ministries for 2025-2026 was signed, as well as a decision to create a working group to prepare proposals for providing legal assistance in civil and economic cases in electronic form.
Stanislau Ivashkevich, the founder and head of the Belarusian Research Center media project, and Siarhei Chaly, the author of video programs and analysts, were put on the database of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Earlier, three former journalists of the Belarusian Research Center, who now work at the Bureau Media, Aliaksandr Yarashevich, Aliaksei Karpeka, and Volha Alkhimenka, were also included in it. Stanislau Ivashkevich commented that all five journalists were added to the interstate wanted list at the request of Belarus, where criminal cases have been opened against them. The Bureau’s team considers criminal prosecution to be a reaction to their investigations and an attempt by the authorities to put pressure on independent journalism.
In June-July, the Belarusian Association of Journalists recorded at least 21 searches of the homes of journalists who had left the country and continued to work in the media from abroad. In the vast majority of cases, law enforcement officers came to the place of registration of journalists with search orders in connection with a criminal case against them. In some instances, they recorded so-called “penitential” videos with journalists’ relatives. This, for example, happened to the parents of the journalists of the “Zerkalo” (“Mirror”). The Belarusian Association of Journalists considers the new wave of searches to be a way of putting pressure on journalists and the media. Currently, 37 media workers are behind bars in Belarus.
On July 31, the Mahileu Regional Court sentenced blogger Ales Sabaleuski and journalist Yauhen Glushkou to four and three years of imprisonment, respectively. Both were heavily fined – 200 basic units each (about 2,445 USD). They were accused of participating in an armed conflict, creating an extremist formation, and participating in an extremist formation. The details of the case are unknown. Sabaleuski and Glushkou were recognized as political prisoners.
Two girls who participated in the 2020 protests as minors were detained in Brest. A telegram channel linked to the Lukashenka security forces reported the detention. One of the girls admitted in the “repentant” video that she had come to the protest out of “childish curiosity.” The second girl was forced to say that her sister is currently serving her sentence for drug trafficking.
Pressure on the Belarusian society and repression against those whom the authorities consider their opponents will only continue to increase in 2024. Such conclusions were reached by the author of the third report “Barometer of repression in Belarus”, senior expert of the Center for New Ideas, sociologist Henadz Korshunau. The online presentation of the research took place on July 31. According to Korshunau, a new “repressive wave” began at the end of 2023. The pressure on the Belarusian society will continue to grow, at least until the end of the 2025 election campaign. The “Barometer of Repression” analyzed several areas of the “punitive and repressive system” of the Belarusian regime: intimidation of people, detentions, and arrests, as well as control over society. “If we talk about the scale of detentions, then since 2020, since the beginning of the electoral campaign, at least 50 thousand people have been detained. And most likely more, perhaps much more,” Korshunau noted. In April 2024, one of the monthly highs in the number of known cases of administrative prosecution was recorded, more than 530 cases. “The figures for criminal prosecution may be about 20% higher, because the cases are closed, not everything reaches the media and human rights defenders,” Korshunau underlined.
During the conference «New Belarus — 2024» on August 4, Leanid Sudalenka, the Chair of the Homel Branch of “Viasna” Human Rights Center, spoke about the statistics of detentions of Belarusians for political reasons since 2020. In particular, he said that during this time, more than 3,380 people were recognized as political prisoners. Of these, almost two thousand people have been released, that is, they are former political prisoners. Of these two thousand people, about 1,134 have fully served their sentences before being released. Leanid Sudalenka also said that at the moment, “Viasna” human rights defenders are aware of at least 5,472 people convicted in politically motivated criminal cases.
The Human Rights Committee, a treaty body of the United Nations, registered an individual complaint by the Chair of the Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ), Andrei Bastunets, against the “illegal and unjustified” liquidation of the organization. It was filed in February 2023. Bastunets points out in his complaint that the decision to liquidate the BAJ violates his “right to freedom of association, which is guaranteed by Article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” On August 27, 2021, the Supreme Court liquidated the BAJ at the request of the Ministry of Justice. The organization continued its activities abroad. Six months later, on February 28, 2023, the KGB recognized it as an “extremist formation”. As Aleh Aheyeu, head of the BAJ Legal Center, noted, the applicant managed to “jump into the last carriage and file a complaint just before the Lukashenka regime denounced the Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which allowed Belarusians to file complaints with the Human Rights Committee.” The Human Rights Committee called Belarus’ withdrawal from the individual complaints procedure “a serious obstacle to the protection of human rights.” Aleh Aheyeu underlined that all the opinions adopted by the UN Human Rights Committee “must be implemented, if not by the authorities of this, then by the new Belarus. This means that the BAJ, like all those who managed to apply to the Committee, will be restored in their rights in the event of a change in the political regime because the decisions of the Human Rights Committee do not have a statute of limitations”.
On August 1, a large-scale prisoner exchange took place in Ankara (Turkey) between Russia, Belarus, the United States, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, and Norway. 26 people were part of it. Among those released was German citizen Rico Krieger, convicted in Belarus on charges of “terrorist act” and “mercenary activity”, who was sentenced to death and later pardoned by Lukashenka. None of Belarusian political prisoners, including Andrzej Poczobut, a Pole by nationality, were released as part of the exchange. At the same time, Pavel Rubtsov, a GRU officer who carried out intelligence missions in Europe, was arrested in Poland in 2022, and awaiting a criminal trial, was transferred to Russia as part of the exchange. As Jacek Dobrzyński, a spokesperson for Poland’s Minister-Coordinator of Special Services, underlined in a statement published on August 01, this was done “following Polish law” and “the authorities of the Republic of Poland — the president, the Prime Minister, and the government agreed to the request of the U.S. authorities” in this regards. “Poland continues to work on the release of Andrzej Poczobut,” Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski told reporters, answering questions about the prisoner exchange. According to Sikorski, activities concerning “Belarusian political prisoners, including Andrzej Poczobut, continue in a different mode.” He assured that the Polish side is taking daily actions aimed at his release. Deputy Foreign Minister Andrzej Szejna said negotiations are being conducted directly with Belarus.
PROPAGANDA
During the period under review, Volha Tsishkevich, former head of the Mahiliou branch of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party Narodnaya Hramada, gave a three-part interview with propagandist Ihar Tur. Tsishkevich previously ran for a seat at the Coordinating Council of the opposition but was removed from the election due to the scandal of her denunciation of activist Eduard Palchys, which she sent to the authorities in 2018. In a story that aired on ONT on July 30, Tsishkevich informed about the alleged intention of one of the “fugitive” oppositionists to infect first Ukraine and then Belarus with “drones with radionuclides.” According to Tsishkevich’s version, the idea belonged to Aleh Darashkevich, an ex-employee of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences and a member of the initiative group of failed presidential candidate Valery Tsapkala. In Tsishkevich’s words, Darashkevich allegedly tried to create “radionuclide” drones: “He called it a drone, and it flew. So that this drone could then carry a liquid, which has radionuclides, and use it first in Ukraine and then in Belarus.” After that, Tsishkevich claims, the scientist was going to “develop a quantum methodology for restoring” the territories that were supposed to be “contaminated” with radiation, to look like a “savior of lands” after the strike. She did not specify how this was scientifically possible, nor did she give details.
On July 30, Aliaksei Bialiayeu, dean of the Belarusian State University Journalism Faculty, said on the air of Alfa Radio that Warsaw had rebelled against the Hungarian Prime Minister Orban’s “peace initiatives”, calling Poland “a “US spy” and “a Trojan horse of the United States in Europe”. In his opinion, Orban’s initiatives run counter to the strategic interests of the United States, which is allegedly interested in maximizing the prolongation of the Ukrainian conflict, weakening not only Russia but also its allies in Europe, so that the latter “become dependent on the United States”. He also accused the Polish authorities of seeking benefits for themselves in a situation of war, for example, “counting on territorial acquisitions” at the expense of Ukraine.
The state media and propagandists closely followed the course of the presidential election in Venezuela, as well as the developments after the official announcement of Nicolas Maduro’s victory. They compared the Venezuelan protests against the alleged falsification of results with the events of August 2020 in Belarus. They predictably took the side of Lukashenka’s ally Maduro and described what was happening from a point of view favorable to him, claiming that the opposition representative lost, and “the actions of the protesters in Caracas are similar to the actions of the participants in the color revolutions which the Americans are behind of.” The anonymous authors who serve the Telegram channel “Yellow Leaks,” which is close to the regime, were particularly notable. For example, they predicted trouble for the protesters in Venezuela, referring to the Belarusian realities: “…we continue to detain and imprison participants of mass riots even four years later. Everything is filmed, documented, fixed, put in folders. No one goes escapes, because the meaning of punishment is its inevitability. The Venezuelan rebels do not think about it now, but it will be the same. Years of repression await them, some of them will emigrate, and some of them will go to jail.”
On August 1, the Belarusian Foreign Ministry said that it shares the approaches of Russia, China, and Algeria, which had supported the submission of the issue of the assassination of Hamas politburo chief Ismail Haniyeh to an extraordinary meeting of the UN Security Council. “Unfortunately, the refusal of some members of the Security Council to support the adoption of a statement assessing this political assassination nullifies the efforts of international mediators to defuse the situation in the Middle East, threatens the region with yet another round of dangerous escalation, and moves further away the prospects for resolving the conflict in Gaza, which daily claims dozens and hundreds of lives, including innocent civilians, including children,” the Foreign Ministry said. Pro-government political scientist Aliaksei Audonin told Alfa Radio that the corporations of the military-industrial complex of the collective West are interested in a “big war” in the Middle East. In his opinion, the events that are taking place there are not spontaneous but are “aimed at further escalation of the conflict in the region.” He argues that Western corporations need “new points of application of capital,” since “Ukraine has dried up, there are no resources or money left there, there is nothing left to take,” and for the sake of profit, the U.S. is “ready to throw even its ally Israel into the furnace of war.” ONT propagandist Marina Karaman openly blames Israel, saying it killed the Hamas leader “right in Iran,” while the U.S. deployed 12 warships in the Mediterranean to “put out the escalation.” In her words, “there is little doubt that the late Raisi’s helicopter did not crash accidentally.”
Commenting on the pardon and the subsequent exchange of German citizen Rico Krieger, Belarusian propagandists repeatedly emphasized the allegedly important role of Aliaksandr Lukashenka in this process and sought to level it to the participation of Germany, the USA, and the West as a whole. Lukashenka’s press secretary Natallia Eismant, July 30: “I can say one thing at the moment: so far the German leadership does not seem to care at all about the fate of their citizen.” On August 1, she told Russia Today that the large-scale prisoner exchange between Russia, Belarus, and the West was the result of long-standing and non-public negotiations that required “silence and lack of publicity.” Eismant did not specify whether the Belarusian authorities took part in the negotiations or simply complied with the decision made by the parties. Pro-government expert Aliaksandr Shpakouski noted in a conversation with BelTA that Krieger’s sentence was fair, as he was “a criminal, saboteur, terrorist,” but Lukashenka proceeded from “higher political considerations, as well as considerations of humanity,” so he pardoned him. On the air of Alfa Radio, MP Vadzim Hihin stated that Russia had thanked Belarus for the assistance rendered. He said that Lukashenka made not a behind-the-scenes, but a “balanced” public decision, inviting for a discussion the head of the KGB, an investigator, a lawyer, and a journalist, who were familiar with the situation or were immersed in the trial. According to Hihin, this is allegedly how decisions are made in Belarus nowadays – taking into account the opinion of the state administration, law enforcers, defense, and civil society. On August 2, while visiting the agrarian town of Prudok, Lukashenka spoke about the prisoner exchange, claiming that he “helped as much as he could” because he was “asked”. At the same time, he did not fail to attack U.S. President Joe Biden: “Someone like the U.S. President is indeed building up his authority on this, even though he had nothing to do with it. The special services conducted these negotiations, and even diplomats were not involved.” The propagandist Liudmila Hladkaya, who was earlier instructed by the regime to “cover” the Krieger trial in the way it wanted, did not forget to sing Lukashenka praises: “I know thanks to whom the exchange took place. Aliaksandr Lukashenka and Vladimir Putin did not go to Valaam to drink tea. Not just visits and telephone conversations… They discussed a lot of important things, planned and adjusted. Something tells me that our wise “Batka” [Father] played one of the most important roles here. Or maybe he was the one who came up with all this.”
On August 3-4, the conference “New Belarus” was held in Vilnius by the Belarusian democratic forces. Although representatives of state media often assure that Lukashenka’s opponents abroad have allegedly been forgotten and the activities of Tsikhanouskaya’s Office in the international arena are emphatically ignored, some of them did not leave the event without attention. Ihar Tur criticized the decision of the conference to preserve the status of the national leader of Belarus for Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya until fair and free elections are held in the country: “We write about Tsikhanouskaya that she is, of course, a political corpse. But someday some other “technical candidate” will come. Or just a candidate who makes loud promises about how everything will be fine. And so that such people don’t believe them uncomplainingly and foolishly – watch what happens in the enemy’s camp.” And his colleague Andrei Mukavozchyk, who, apparently, closely followed the course of the conference, set himself a different task – to shower the participants with insults using foul language. It is worth noting that his article, far from all journalistic standards, was published in the newspaper SB Belarus Today, which was founded by the Lukashenka administration.
iSANS team
